Ginkgo biloba is a living fossil—a tree species unchanged for 200 million years. Its distinctive fan-shaped leaves contain unique compounds called ginkgolides and bilobalide, plus flavonoids, that improve blood flow, protect nerve cells, and have antioxidant effects. Standardised leaf extract (EGb 761) is one of the most extensively studied herbal preparations in the world.

Traditional use

Used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for over 5,000 years, primarily for respiratory conditions, the seeds were used for asthma and coughs. Ginkgo nuts are a traditional food in East Asia, consumed roasted at celebrations. The leaf extract as a modern medicine was developed in Germany in the 1960s.

What modern research suggests (Promising)

Over 400 clinical trials conducted. Cochrane reviews and meta-analyses confirm modest but significant benefits for dementia and cognitive decline. Strong evidence for peripheral arterial disease (claudication). Good evidence for tinnitus and vertigo. Some evidence for altitude sickness prevention. EGb 761 extract is approved for dementia treatment in Germany and France.

How people use it

Standard dose: 120–240mg of standardised extract (EGb 761 or equivalent, 24% ginkgo flavonoids, 6% terpene lactones) daily, divided into 2–3 doses. Must be taken consistently for 4–6 weeks to see effects. Take with food to reduce GI upset. For cognitive support: 120mg twice daily. For circulation: 120mg twice daily.

Name clarity note

Do not confuse with ginkgo seeds (also called ginkgo nuts or bai guo) which are used in cooking but are mildly toxic and should not be eaten in large amounts. The medicinal leaf extract is very different from the seed.

Quality notes

Use only standardised leaf extracts (EGb 761 or LI 1370), standardised to 24% flavonoid glycosides and 6% terpene lactones. Avoid raw or unprocessed ginkgo products. Seeds are toxic if raw. Some cheap products contain little active ingredient—look for European-manufactured products from Germany or France where quality standards are highest.

FAQs

Does ginkgo biloba improve memory?

Clinical evidence shows ginkgo improves memory and cognitive function in people with age-related cognitive decline and early dementia. Evidence for memory improvement in healthy young people is weaker and inconsistent. EGb 761 standardised extract shows the best results.

How long does ginkgo biloba take to work?

Most clinical trials show effects after 4–6 weeks of consistent daily use. Don't expect overnight results—consistent daily supplementation over at least a month is needed before assessing effectiveness.

Can I take ginkgo with blood thinners?

Use extreme caution. Ginkgo has blood-thinning effects and should not be combined with warfarin, aspirin, or other anticoagulants without medical supervision. Stop taking ginkgo at least 2 weeks before any surgery.

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Disclaimer: This content is educational and not medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider before using any herbs or supplements, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, taking medications, or have a medical condition.

Ginkgo Biloba

At a glance

What it is